Sunstar Virgil Lopez February 8, 2011 MANILA — Environment Secretary Ramon Paje has ordered concerned agencies in his department to adopt a standard reference for all surveying and mapping activities starting this year. Paje issued the directive in consonance with Executive Order No. 321 issued in 2004 which sets the year 2010 as the deadline [...]

This manual covers the use of engineering surveying techniques for establishing and/or extending project construction control. Accuracy requirements, standards, measurement procedures, calibrations, horizontal and vertical datum transformations, data reduction and adjustment methods, and engineering surveying techniques are outlined. The primary focus of this manual is on conventional (i.e., non-GPS) horizontal and vertical survey techniques using traditional ground survey instruments–transits,